Essay on Utilitarism - 2352 Words

Question 1: Williams thinks that the doctrine of negative responsibility, which follows from the principle of utility, undermines personal integrity. Do you agree that being held responsible for the consequences of not acting, of failing to prevent something, will (always or sometimes) erode the idea of personal integrity? Is there any way to be a utilitarian and still respect the integrity of individuals? Integrity is the honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one’s actions. Integrity regards internal consistency as a virtue. One may judge that others â€Å"have integrity† to the extent that they act according to the values, beliefs and principles they clam to hold. As Williams explains, the principal of utility undermines personal†¦show more content†¦So, the principals of utilitarianism are not conflicting with personal integrity. With that being said, I believe that a person of integrity may differ about what is right but a moral person cannot have integrity. The utilitarian approach alienates individuals from their own commitments and moral identity. Deliberating and acting for reasons directed at the right or good thing to do depend upon a moral theory in which we have personal integrity. To be moved by the needs of others, we need to possess substantial commitments that help individuals see themselves as part of the group (Sheehy 2008). Not to dismiss wha t role principles like the principles of utility have in our decisions, but our view of the world is made of the commitments forming us. This idea is not limited to an individual, but central to the nature of us and woven into our moral thinking. Ashford, Elizabeth, 2000. ‘Utilitarianism, Integrity and Partiality,’Journal of Philosophy, 97: 421–439. Sheehy, Paul. Doing the Right Thing (Part II): Challenges to Utilitarianism. The Richmond Journal of Philosophy. Richmond Journal, Mar. 2008. Williams, Bernard, 1973. ‘Integrity,’ in J.J.C. Smart and Bernard Williams, Utilitarianism: For and Against New York: Cambridge, 108–117. Question 2: Morality tells us what we ought to do, and imposes upon us duties which it would be wrong not to fulfill. Yet Kant claims, in Chapter Two of the Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, that autonomy—the abilityShow MoreRelatedA Naturalistic Moral Theory Mill s Utilitarism Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, I shall argue that while a naturalistic moral theory Mill’s Utilitarism is a flexible and sensitive to circumstances (act and rule) as long as overall happiness is the end goal and promotes social harmony, that his position is a lacks of autonomy/integrity of the moral agent, is a negative responsibility because utilitarianism is an excessively demanding theory, act utilitarianism may require us to commit morally reprehensible acts, there is sometimes conflict of rules for the ruleRead MoreKants Moral Theory and Utilitarism Comparison Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesKant’s moral theory and utilitarianism are two very different moral t heories. Kant’s moral theory works off of the categorical imperative. Utilitarianism works off of the greatest happiness principle. 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Kantian another theory that is very opposite of, Utilitarism means to endRead MoreResearch Ethics for Children as Subjects666 Words   |  3 Pagesconflicts like these are especially important when children are used as research subjects because they are particularly vulnerable to being exploited. Priscilla Alderson in Chapter 3 elaborates on the three ethics theories of principles, rights, and utilitarism with respect to children as human research subjects; however, she frames them in the form of two questions: (1) are the potential benefits real and (2) is informed consent possible. Alderson places a heavy emphasis on the second question, becauseRead MoreEssay about Kantian vs Utilitarian Ethical Parameters990 Words   |  4 Pagesof human emotions and desires. A truly good act as defined by Kant is performed because of an obligation to the categorical imperative. The objectives and personal agendas of the individual performing the act must kept separate and distinct. Utilitarism makes ethical decisions based on the consequences of the action taken. Unlike the Kantian view the motives are not important just the consequences. The action is measured by how much happiness or sadness the action creates. The ideal ethical decisionRead Moreâ€Å"How Would Aristotle Respond to Utilitarianism?†1087 Words   |  5 Pageslife a person must be free to determine his or her own ends and have the wherewithal, the means, the opportunities, to have a realistic chance of achieving those ends. With that being said I think that Aristotle would believe in the idea of Utilitarism but not with the idea that one system (government) should apply their theories to society as a whole. Aristotle’s belief is that each person is in charge of their own happiness, and if they are a happier individual then they will be able to provideRead MoreApplying Ethical Theories : Interpreting And Responding Students Plagiarism By Neil Granitz And Dana Loewy Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesWeber, 1990; Alder, Schminke, Noel, and Kuenzi, 2008, Hunt and Vitell’s ethical decision making model. 1986) or the use of terminology that identify and represent different ethical theories such as deontology, virtue ethics (Lahdesmati, 2005), utilitarism (Premeaux, 2004) Secondly, the authors provide recommendations to deal with this problem. They produced a clear and concise table by associating the most invoked reasoning, classified under six groups of ethical theories, with statements specificRead MoreAct Utilitarian1168 Words   |  5 Pagesutilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism which states that moral actions are those which conform to the rules which lead to the greatest good, or that judge rightness or wrongness of an act by the typical or usual consequences of doing that kind of act† (Utilitarism para.8). For a rule utilitarian the consequences of a rule are determined by the amount of good it brings about when followed. In contrast, act utilitarian’s judge actions in terms of the goodness of their consequences without reference to rulesRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of Health Care1224 Words   |  5 Pagesremember for sure if she left the call light within Mary’s reach she could argue that is it her practice to always pl ace the call light within reach of her patients. Ethical Theories The two ethical theories that can be found in this case are utilitarism and deontology. If Jill follows the utilitarian perspective, she could decide to alter the documentation in a way that protects her and the facility from a potentially law suit, but if she decides to follow the deontological perspective by notRead MoreAnalysis Of Ethical Decision And Scandal1429 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations with good wills. Therefore, the maxim that treating customers as a tool to earn money cannot be a universal law, since customers, naturally, will favor organizations with a sincere willingness. One may appeal to Consequentialism or Utilitarism saying that if the benefits of hiding up scandals exceed the cost, companies may do so. However, one with such thought makes a mistake about Mill’s philosophy. Focusing on company’s interest, some leaders make rather selfish policies, trying to

Soul Surfer †Persuasive Free Essays

This film has many positive lessons to be taken to heart throughout the film. However, the strongest messages are that with a bit of perspective and the support of our friends and family. You can make it through the worst of tragedies. We will write a custom essay sample on Soul Surfer – Persuasive or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our family and friends are often our support system. With them, anything becomes possible. Tom Hamilton, Bethanys father (played by Dennis Quaid) tells Bethany when she is ready to quit surfing after the attack; â€Å"That shark didn’t kill you, you are still here, still alive, ith a family who loves you†. (1) Bethany may have lost an arm, but that is not to say she has lost everything. Throughout this uphill battle, Bethany has her friends and family there for her to help her get back on the board with confidence and to turn surfing back into the Joyful hobby she initially fell in love with. Similarly, perspective is everything. It is our outlook on life and how we are able to see and eventually come to terms with life’s simplest and toughest decisions. During one of the towns youth ights, Sarah Hill, the youth group’s pastor (played by Carrie Underwood) says â€Å"It can be hard to make sense of things when you are looking at them really close. The same is true in life, so if you are ever dealing with anything that is Just too hard to handle, or does not seem to make much sense, get a new perspective. † (2) After the attack Bethany struggles in finding a reason why this has all happened to her. Why she has lost her arm, why she must learn how to do almost everything again, and how this could be gods plan for her. Through the guidance of Sarah’s advice in getting a new perspective, and through her own faith, Bethany was able to come to a positive conclusion. With perspective and support you can make it over the highest bumps in the road. The movie’s enticingly unique story creates an everlasting connection between your own life and to the life of Bethany Hamilton’s. Based on true-life events, this story will inspire you to love yourself, and to be thankful for all that you have. When director Sean McNama was asked about the challenges of making this movie nd he said â€Å"it is about who Bethany really is, and so yeah-there was some give and take on both sides to make it great, but I was like let’s Just be true to what she is. (3) Since Sean was able to stay so true to whom and what the real Bethany is all about, it makes you really see and have an appreciation for all she has gone through. And furthermore, all the struggles and obstacles she will continue to be faced with throughout the rest of her life. In addition, the special effects of this movie really add on to the overall performance and the reality of the s tory. AnnaShophia Robb ore a green sleeve on her arm, which was later digitally removed to portray the missing limb. After the shooting of the actual scene took place, the crew would shot a second one without anybody, insuring the background would match with the movie They had to do this tor every scene that Bethany was in, theretore tor the scene. majority of the movie. This was difficult because they had to do this without wasting precious amounts of time. The main reason being, they were relying on the weather to hold up. All the extra work and attention to detail paid off, because everything ooks realistic, and as a viewer you can remain focused on the story and not the obvious Photoshop. When combing a story line based on true-life events and incredible special effects, you are left with a captivating movie. Creating relatable and convincing characters is perhaps the hardest aspect in making films. You may know her from movies such as; Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Race to Witch Mountain, or maybe even from Because of Winn-Dixie. AnnaSophia Robb plays the main character of Bethany Hamilton. The character of Bethany is a strong one to say the ery least. With her persistence and confidence, she outshines all the other characters, making her relatable. One of the most memorable quotes in this move is said by the character herself, â€Å"l do not need easy, I Just need possible. † (4) What makes this role so strong is throughout the entire film, you embark on this Journey and you wait on Bethanys character to breakdown, quit, or to lose faith in everything. But she never does. She shows us her strength, determination and will to find the positive outcomes in all tragic things. Although the character of Bethany Hamilton is extraordinary, Soul Surfer has at least two memorable characters. You may know her from her victory on the fourth season of American Idol, or the story of a small town Oklahoma girl turns platinum recording artist; Carrie Underwood makes her acting debut, playing the inspirational role of the youth group’s pastor-Sarah Hill. Carrie shows that she has the ability to light up a big screen in her movie debut, but it is the character she plays that makes the movie as moving as it is. Sarah Hill tells Bethany â€Å"l o not know why terrible things happen to us sometimes, but I have to believe something good is going to come out of this. (5) This inspires Bethany to get back into the water, and to not lose faith in not only herself and her abilities, but also not lose faith in God and the role he plays in her life. Sarah’s compassion and Christian beliefs make this movie inspiring, relatable, and moving. Sarah’s character demonstrates a strong Christian belief which remains true to the life of the real Bethany Hamilton; by still hav ing a huge significance to the story, Sarah does this ithout alienating the non-Christian audiences. How to cite Soul Surfer – Persuasive, Essays

Infrastructure Enhances Tourism movement †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Infrastructure Enhances Tourism movement. Answer: Introduction Hospitality is one of the sectors that is on an up word growth in many countries in the world. In every country, there must be some unique features that would attract tourists, these tourists may be domestic or foreigners. Therefore, people have taken this sector as crucial in developing economies or for income generating sources. The host country usually benefits from the tourism sector by reaping from taxes and other means. A part of helping in growing the GDP of a country, it also acts as a source of employment to many people thereby helping the government to boast of creating employment to the people (John, 2010). Concerning all goodies that the hospitality sector brings to the people, it is important that the management of hospitality institution or facility be one that surpasses the doubts and of utmost experience to the clients visiting the facility (Ritta, 2011). The success of any hospitality depends on the following key elements: Management Operations Hospitality facility should have a kind of management that excites the customer at all times. As a manager, one should ensure that teamwork spirit is built among all the employees. For instance, all the employees are required to work collaboratively through ensuring that each of them has a cordial relationship (Sambodia, 2015). The top management can only enhance this good relationship through encouraging every team member to work as a team so that customer satisfaction can ensure. Customers are always keen at everything that goes on within his or her environment. Obviously, if the employees behave friendly in the presence of the customer, he or she will feel much comfortable and may wish to come back more and more. In hospitality, it is should be noted that this is a place where employees should be ready to do any job. There is no job that should specify for a particular group because customer satisfaction is quite important. Employees are thus discouraged from despising jobs, for instance, you can be called even to clean somewhere and you need not turn it down. In this case, an employee should have a can- do attitude (Passo, 2012). There must be a solution to anything that makes the customer uncomfortable. Therefore, an employee must be ready to do everything possible to enable the customer to enjoy his or her stay in the hotel. In this case, such hospitality experience is unforgettable to the client and the hotel would tremendously prosper. One important thing in hospitality is that the management and all the employees should be customer focused. For instance, they should be keen on the welfare of the customer because these people have paid their money in order to enjoy their stay in a hotel or restaurant. It is important to strive as hard as possible to ensure everything goes well to the customers, as they need it. The experience must be delivered to the customer else, the hotel risks its existence (James, 2013). In addition, whoever is operating in this sector, whether the manager or an employee of lower rank must be passionate on dealing with clients and give the best as far as serving the customers is concerned. Those who are responsible for handling the clients should be very good communicators who are able to communicate effectively and convincingly. Poor communicators are always boring and may hinder effective understanding of one another. We cannot forget to mention mastery of knowledge of the said industry. Right from the top management to the low ranked employees, there should be adequate skills possessed by each person about the hospitality industry (Kennedy, 2011). This will help in making sure that the clients fall in the right hands of people. Aesthetics of the Built Environment Having looked at the management side of creating an atmosphere that entices the customer in the hospitality sector, another important factor in doing the same to the customer in this sector is the aesthetics of the built environment. It is well known that the customers will not be happy visiting a facility that is poorly built and threatens the life and health. The built environment encompasses many things, for example, the physical structures, the kind of buildings, ventilations, among many others. This could be termed as one of the most important factors in the life of hospitality facility. Customers usually like appealing, stunning, and outstanding structures. The inside of the rooms should be well furnished and have the necessary features as per the standard of the facility so that the customers do not complain to have what ought to be there. The kind of lighting inside and outside the rooms should be that gives comfort to the employees and more so the customers (Sara, 2013). The room temperatures should be conditioned enough and the glare should be a good one that makes the customer comfortable. Customers need an environment that is away from noise and clean. The management should, therefore, ensure that the environment is quite safe from any disturbance such as noise, violence or any other thing that may interrupt the peace of the clients at any given time. For this reason, we always see big hotels and restaurants are situated in places that have been enjoying the peace and which are secure. Another important factor that is always considered by tourists visiting big hotels and restaurants is the accessibility (Christopher, 2013). How accessible is the facility? This is important because some customers may wish to come from very far places and if the facility is not accessible, then may have a hard time making their way into such place. Roads, electricity, water etc. are some of the factors that attract the customers and motivate them to return to such facility. Lack of proper roads or muddy roads may make it impossible to move easily hence making the facility look isolated with few daring customers visiting and unless the season is favouring movement, they would easily have their way. Customer character The behaviour of customers is a crucial part of the story that makes the hospitality prosper. Although, there is a say that the customer is always right, the behaviour that is exhibited by the customer can dictate the way he or she is handled within the hospitality facility. Good behaviours from the customer may motivate the waiters or the management in that matter. This is because some customers may behave in a weird manner and demand excessively from what is impossible to do to them. Therefore, it is important that the hotel only do what it can do as per its level and rules so that they do not. Therefore, it is important that the customer learns about the level of the hotel or restaurant and only receives its services if it meets your expectation so that both sides are comfortable in the long run (Pablo, 2014). To ensure that this is achieved, the customer should be adequately briefly about the services and all that is available for him or her in that hotel to avoid uncertainties t hat may arise in the course of stay. However, there are some cohorts of customers that may be termed as witch hunters. Such customers will always not be satisfied and will always falsify any attempt that is aimed at satisfying them (Paul, 2015). They will always make several unmet comparisons and wishes that may not be achieved at that moment. In such circumstances, they will either influence other customers or become a nuisance to them. In such conditions, the management should intervene in a clever manner to avoid any further confrontation that may interfere with the peace of other clients. It is thus important to note that for the customer to feel comfortable during his or her stay at the facility; his or her characters should also be unquestionable to give the workers of that place easy time to serve him or her as per the regulations of the facility. Other Environmental Factors An important factor that is always considered by tourists visiting big hotels and restaurants is the accessibility. How accessible is the facility? This is important because some customers may wish to come from very far places and if the facility is not accessible, then may have a hard time making their way into such place. Roads, electricity, water etc. are some of the factors that attract the customers and motivate them to return to such facility. Lack of proper roads or muddy roads may make it impossible to move easily hence making the facility look isolated with few daring customers visiting and unless the season is favouring movement, they would easily have their way. There is should be a constant supply of clean water and electricity throughout the day and night so that every activity goes on uninterrupted. In addition, tourist attraction sites and sceneries are some of the things that will never disappear in the minds of people who visited such places. This is the reason why s ome beautiful hotels are built near places where beautiful sceneries can be found (Kriggler, 2016). It gives the customers opportunity to see things that they may not have seen ever in their life. Most tourists who visit foreign countries usually do so to have experience and see things that are not available in their mother countries and as they do so, they need to get accommodation in hotels and restaurants. These hotels and restaurants must also have attractive features. References Christopher. (2013). How Infrastructure Enhances Tourism movement. Tourism Industry, II(5), 40-50. James. (2013). Best Hotelier and Caterers. Hotel Industry, V(6), 40-50. John. (2010). Hospitality and Management. Business Fundamentals, II(10), 6-9. Kennedy. (2011). Business Communication in the best field. Business Works, II(10), 30-35. Kriggler. (2016). How Beauty encourages tourism. Business Monthly Review, 25-30. Pablo. (2014). Customer Behaviour Review. Business in the context of customer character, III(20), 10-13. Passo, E. (2012). Management Insight for customer relationships. Business Daily, IV(5), 15-25. Paul, K. (2015). Customer Ethics and General behaviours. Business Daily, 90-100. Ritta. (2011). Hotel Management in the modern world. Business Daily, III(4), 5-8. Sambodia. (2015). Tourism and Business management; teamwork fundamentals. Tourism Advice, 20(II), 10-14. Sara. (2013). Best Comfort for the Inner room. Design, IV(8), 40-50.